… vascular malformations is limited due to the restricted understanding of the molecular
pathogenesis of vascular malformations … by the heterogeneity of vascular malformations as well as …

… Vascular malformations are localized defects of vascular … Vascular anomalies, subdivided
into vascular tumors (mainly … unknown etiology) and vascular malformations (named according …

… in the development of either vascular malformations or hemangiomas of infancy. … vascular
remodeling, have brought new understanding of the pathogenesis of vascular malformations…

… the molecules and pathways involved in their pathogenesis. … screens for all localized
vascular malformations as well as … NGS, and especially targeted NGS of the (likely) pathogenic …

… The differences between hemangiomas and vascular malformations are contrasted in
Table IV. In vascular malformations, a single type of channel anomaly may predominate or …

Vascular anomalies are localized defects of vascular … On the basis of these inherited forms,
molecular genetic … pathophysiological cause and the molecular pathways that are implicated. …

… The biochemical studies of these proteins have been invaluable in our understanding of
the role of the mutant proteins in vascular malformation pathogenesis. Nonetheless, the …

… vascular malformations has shed light into their pathogenesis. This has also helped to recognize
distinct molecular … each vascular malformation on the basis of its molecular background. …

… Further clarification of the pathogenesis of vascular malformations is still needed but their
formation and progression are closely related to angiogenesis. Angiogenesis is a complex …

… pathogenesis, but there are conceptually similar issues that apply to related brain vascular
… syndrome, dural arteriovenous fistula, capillary malformations, and the mixed types that are …