The toxicity of chemical mixtures is determined by the effects of components as well as
interactions, if any, among components occurring at the exposure, toxicokinetic or …

Mixture toxicity of similar-and dissimilar-acting toxicants can be predicted by the models
concentration addition (CA) and independent action (IA) using single substance toxicity …

Chemical Mixtures and Cumulative Risk Assessment Page 1 10 Chemical Mixtures and
Cumulative Risk Assessment John C. Lipscomb, Jason C. Lambert, and Linda K. Teuschler …

The interaction-based hazard index (HIINT), a mixtures approach to characterizing
toxicologic interactions, is demonstrated and evaluated by statistically analyzing data on four …

Environmental mixtures may be assessed using evaluations of 1) simple defined mixtures,
using additivity concepts and data on toxicological interactions; 2) whole mixtures, using …

The paper documents the workshop discussion regarding the role of these factors in altering
toxicity. For each factor, the nature, magnitude, and uncertainty of its empirical relation to the …

Humans are exposed to mixtures of chemicals, rather than to individual chemicals. From a
public health point of view, it is most relevant to answer the question of whether or not the …

Mechanistic studies with simple mixtures have provided insights into the nature of
interactions among chemicals that lead to non-additive effects and have elucidated the …

Prepared by Syracuse Research Corporation with technical review by Syracuse
Environmental Research Associates, Inc.; prepared for US Department of Health and …