… and peptide mycotoxins and, for the first time, a phylogenetic analysis of both PKSs and
NRPSs involved in their biosynthesis … Hybrid PKS-NRPSs involved in mycotoxins biosynthesis …

… Most are ribosomally encoded AMPs, while other AMPs are generated by non-ribosomal
peptide synthases (NRPSs). The latter are mainly found in bacteria, in particular Actinomycetes …

… Seven classes of mycotoxin biosynthetic genes or gene clusters … mycotoxin biosynthetic
genes include a terpene cyclase gene cluster for trichothecenes, a cyclic peptide synthetase for …

… and represents a hybrid system of a peptide synthetase and an integrated N -methyltransferase
(Haese et al., 1993). Peptide synthetases are organized into coordinated groups of …

… The M domain is highly conserved among N-methyl peptide synthases of prokaryotic and
eukaryotic origin, thus it represents only local sequence similarities to the structural elements …

… are catalyzed by a nonribosomal peptide synthetase complex (Fum10p-Fum14p-… peptide
synthetase [87]. Fum14p was shown to convert HFB 3 and HFB 4 , which are biosynthetic …

… The economic impact of this mycotoxin is significant due to the fact that it is found as a
contaminant … Unlike other important mycotoxins, the biosynthesis pathway of OTA has not yet been …

… potentially coding for the synthesis of secondary metabolites. … peptide synthetase, CctN, is
responsible for the synthesis of … required for cyclochlorotine biosynthesis is not encoded in …

… enzymes called polyketide synthases (PKSs). This review discusses the biosynthesis of four
toxic … of the molecular mechanisms for the biosynthesis of these mycotoxins. Several of the …

… synthase and non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (PKS–NRPS) hybrid enzyme 13 . … of the
TeA biosynthetic gene and the functional in vivo and in vitro analysis of TeA synthetase 1 (TAS1…