… But the understanding that most microorganisms live in aggregates rather than in a planktonic
… the viscoelastic behavior of biofilms as materials and the main physical concepts used in …

… discovered conductive properties of biofilms. Firstly, we describe the physical meaning of
electronic … measure conductivity in living biofilms and the results obtained using these methods. …

… Microbial biofilms cause problems in the hospital environment, generating high … biofilm-associated
microbial infections. In this work, we present a general overview of microbial biofilm …

… The physical properties of the biofilm are largely determined by the … , living in biofilms are
much more difficult to eradicate or control than suspended cells. Yet the susceptibility of biofilm …

… that living biofilms are highly hydrated and that bacteria occupy only between 10% and 50%
of the total volume of a biofilm.… First, the EPS secreted by biofilm bacteria acts as a physical/ …

… have focused on probing physical–chemical interactions between the biofilm matrix and
metals… of NMR spectroscopy to study metabolic responses in living biofilm systems. Majors et al (…

… Yet, bacteria live in, migrate between, and must adapt to a wide range of mechanically-…
mechanics is essential both to understanding the physical origins of biofilm mechanics and …

… To isolate flow as the governing physical determinant, we grew biofilms from raw stream
water in … An alphaproteobacterium putatively affiliated with a bacterial endosymbiont living in …

… Bacteria in the environment and in vivo frequently live as biofilms where cells are
embedded in a matrix of bacterially produced extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) (7, 10). …

… of biofilm mechanical behaviour in response to different physical forces is crucial for assessing
biofilm … Rubber and various living tissues are examples of non-linear elastic solids (Figure …