Background Despite the number of female medical-school applicants reaching an all-time
high and the increasing number of females in surgical training, males retain an …

Background Women are underrepresented at higher levels of promotion or leadership
despite the increasing number of women physicians. In surgery, this has been compounded …

Background Gender disparity remains prevalent in the field of academic surgery with an
under-representation of women at senior leadership ranks. A wide variety of causes are …

Background Our objective was to identify perceptions of the environment for women in
surgery among 4 academic institutions. Methods Faculty surgeons and senior surgery …

Background Practice pattern and work environment differences may impact career
advancement opportunities and contribute to the gender gap within highly competitive …

Background: The percentage of female surgeons and surgery residents has increased
slowly to 24% and 35%, respectively. However, women remain under-represented in …

Objective This study aimed to evaluate the proportion and characteristics of women who
serve in general surgery program director (PD) and associate program director (APD) …

Background Diversity in surgery has been shown to improve mentorship and patient care.
Diversity has improved among general surgery (GS) trainees but is not the case for …

Importance Sex equity is elusive in academic surgery departments across the United States.
Persistent inequities remain a considerable problem and inhibit professional advancement …

Introduction Despite making up more than half of new doctors, women are underrepresented
in most surgical specialties. Various reasons have been suggested for this including issues …