When a study outcome is rare in all strata used for an analysis, the odds ratio estimate of
causal effects will approximate the risk ratio; therefore, odds ratios from most case-control …

A relative risk estimate which relates an exposure to risk of disease will tend to be estimated
too close to unity if that exposure is subject to random measurement error or intra-subject …

Both the odds ratio and the relative risk compare the relative likelihood of an event occurring
between two groups. The relative risk is easier to interpret and is consistent with general …

In epidemiologic studies, Individuals may be misclassified with respect to exposure to a nsk
factor for disease. Such misclassification Causes the relative risk of disease associated with …

In a case-referent study of matched pairs with a single dichotomous exposure variable, the
relative risk R is estimated from the" discordant pairs," r and s, by R= r/s. In this paper the …

Lack of bias in the estimation of relative effect in epidemiologic studies depends on the
internal validity of the study. This paper conveys in graphic and tabular form the direction …

A series of graphs is presented that show the estimated degree of bias in logistic coefficient
estimates for two correlated continuous exposures measured with imprecision. These …

This paper argues that the use of the odds ratio parameter in epidemiology needs to be
considered with a view to the specific study design and the types of exposure and disease …

Analysis of prospective follow-up data usually includes a Cox regression model. When a
hazard rate ratio, obtained as the exponential of an estimated regression coefficient from the …

Logistic regression is perhaps the most widely used method for adjustment of confounding
in epidemiologic studies. Its popularity is understandable. The method can simultaneously …