Population studies, preclinical, and clinical trials suggest a role for cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-
2, PTGS2) in tumor formation and progression. The downstream prostanoid receptor …

In squamous cell carcinoma, the levels of nitric oxide (NO) derived from inducible NO
synthase (iNOS) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) derived from cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) …

Abstract Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) receptor 2 subtype (EP2), which is a metabolite of
arachidonic acid that binds with and regulates cellular responses to PGE2, is associated …

Elevated expression of COX‐2 and increased levels of PGE2 are found in numerous
cancers and are associated with tumour development and progression. Although …

An important event in the development of tumors is angiogenesis, or the formation of new
blood vessels. Angiogenesis is also known to be involved in tumor cell metastasis and is …

The effect of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) on the proliferation of gastric cancer cells is still
unclear. PGE2 receptors are divided into four subtypes—EP1, EP2, EP3, and EP4—which …

The lipid mediator prostanoids consist of prostaglandins and thromboxanes, and are
synthesized from arachidonic acid by the action of cyclooxygenase. There are five major …

Abstract Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) can stimulate tumor progression by both direct and
indirect mechanisms. However, its influence on cell proliferation is still unclear. The present …

Aim Many cancers originate and flourish in a prolonged inflammatory environment. Our aim
is to understand the mechanisms of how the pathway of prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2) …

The use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs is associated with a lower risk for
esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, in which overexpression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX …