Misclassification of exposure in epidemiological studies has the effect of distorting the
results in various directions. We give quantitative information about the possible order of …

While there is extensive methodological literature analysing the effects of misclassification
on the relative risk under various misclassification scenarios, for the attributable risk only the …

The authors argue that one can never be certain whether an exposure variable which is
measured with error is subject to differential misclassification in either a case-control study …

When misclassification of exposure and disease is nondifferential but not independent of
one another, bias away from the null can result. For dichotomous variables, misclassification …

The authors present some examples to demonstrate that in certain nondifferential
misclassification conditions with polychotomous exposure variables, estimates of odds ratios …

The effects of misclassification on analyses involving a discrete covariate are examined. The
following points are illustrated: 1) Analogous to the 2× 2 table case, unbiased …

Background Many investigators write as if non-differential exposure misclassification
inevitably leads to a reduction in the strength of an estimated exposure–disease association …

Nondifferential misclassification of exposure status with a dichotomous exposure will
produce biased estimates of odds ratios such that the misclassified odds ratio is always …

Two methods for making adjustments to an estimate of exposure when data are possibly
misclassified are discussed. One, the indirect method, is widely used but the other, the direct …

440 Letters to the Editor may be classified as having had no exposure while in fact they had
high exposure and vice versa. Misclassification of 60 percent is quite unrealistic, however …