Background The resistance to PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors for the treatment of melanoma have
prompted investigators to implement novel clinical trials which combine immunotherapy with …

Purpose: PD-L1 is the main ligand for the immune inhibitory receptor PD-1. This ligand is
frequently expressed by melanoma cells. In this study, we investigated whether PD-L1 …

Monoclonal antibodies against immune checkpoint blockade have proven to be a major
success in the treatment of melanoma. The programmed death receptor-1 ligand-1 (PD-L1) …

PD-L1 is expressed by a subset of patients with metastatic melanoma (MM) with an
unfavorable outcome. Its expression is increased in cells resistant to BRAF or MEK inhibitors …

Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) is an inducible enzyme involved in the production of
prostaglandins and thromboxanes during inflammation. There are now several lines of …

Purpose: With recent approval of inhibitors of PD-1 in melanoma, non–small cell lung cancer
(NSCLC) and renal cell carcinoma, extensive efforts are under way to develop biomarkers …

The possible correlation between cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression and disease
progression in melanoma is still a matter of debate. Analysis of COX-2 expression in 45 …

Background Programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) is a cell surface molecule that plays a
critical role in suppressing immune responses, mainly through binding of the PD-1 receptor …

Colon cancer is initiated under inflammatory conditions associated with upregulation of
immune checkpoint proteins. We evaluated immune modulation induced by nonsteroidal …

11506 Background: Atezolizumab (atezo, MPDL3280A) is a humanized IgG1 mAb that
prevents the interaction of the ligand PD-L1 with PD-1 and B7. 1 and can reinvigorate …