Background: Moderate graft pretensioning in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction
is paramount to restore knee stability and normalize knee kinematics. However, little is …

Background A common clinical concern after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction is the
expansion of the bone tunnels as seen radiographically. The etiology and clinical relevance …

Background In anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction using hamstring grafts, the
graft can be looped, resulting in an increased graft diameter but reducing graft length within …

Background Misplacement of the bone tunnels is one of the main causes of graft failure of
anterior cruciate ligament surgery. Hypothesis Anatomic tunnel placement in anterior …

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction with placement of grafted tendon in bone
tunnel is a common surgical procedure. Bone tunnel creation may result in stress shielding …

Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether a flattened bone tunnel has a
positive effect on the tendon–bone healing (TBH) process in the early period after anterior …

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of the magnitude of static mechanical
tension on the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) graft at the time of surgery on healing within …

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) grafts that are placed for reconstruction are
subject to complex forces. Current “anatomic” ACL reconstruction techniques may result in …

Background Tunnel widening after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR) is
commonly reported without a clear understanding of the mechanism. This study aimed to …

Radiographic enlargement of bone tunnels following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)
reconstruction has been recently introduced in the literature; however, the etiology and …