External focus and autonomy support: Two important factors in motor learning have additive benefits
We examined whether the combination of two factors that have consistently been found to
enhance motor learning–an external focus (EF) of attention and autonomy support (AS) …
enhance motor learning–an external focus (EF) of attention and autonomy support (AS) …
Additive benefits of autonomy support and enhanced expectancies for motor learning
G Wulf, S Chiviacowsky, PL Cardozo - Human movement science, 2014 - Elsevier
Two factors that have been shown to facilitate motor learning are autonomy support (AS)
and enhanced expectancies (EE) for performance. We examined the individual and …
and enhanced expectancies (EE) for performance. We examined the individual and …
Additive benefits of external focus and enhanced performance expectancy for motor learning
LAM Pascua, G Wulf, R Lewthwaite - Journal of sports sciences, 2015 - Taylor & Francis
The authors examined the individual and combined influences of 2 factors that have been
shown to benefit motor learning: an external focus of attention and enhanced performance …
shown to benefit motor learning: an external focus of attention and enhanced performance …
Enhancing motor learning through external-focus instructions and feedback
The study examined the generalizability of the learning advantages produced by instructions
that induce an external relative to an internal focus of attention (eg, Wulf, G., Höß, M., & …
that induce an external relative to an internal focus of attention (eg, Wulf, G., Höß, M., & …
On the advantage of an external focus of attention: a benefit to learning or performance?
Although there is general agreement in the sport science community that the focus of
attention (FOA) has significant effects on performance, there is some debate about whether …
attention (FOA) has significant effects on performance, there is some debate about whether …
Utilising an internal focus of attention during preparation and an external focus during execution may facilitate motor learning
Research with athletes and coaches has found that attentional focus strategies are more
complex than using an internal or external focus exclusively. Recently Becker et al.[2020 …
complex than using an internal or external focus exclusively. Recently Becker et al.[2020 …
Increasing the distance of an external focus of attention enhances learning
Previous studies (eg, Wulf, Höß, & Prinz, 1998) have shown that motor learning can be
enhanced by directing performers' attention to the effects of their movements (" external …
enhanced by directing performers' attention to the effects of their movements (" external …
External focus of attention and autonomy support have additive benefits for motor performance in children
R Abdollahipour, MP Nieto, R Psotta, G Wulf - Psychology of Sport and …, 2017 - Elsevier
Objectives The purpose of this study was to examine the combined effects of external focus
instructions and autonomy support on motor performance of children. In addition, we sought …
instructions and autonomy support on motor performance of children. In addition, we sought …
Triple play: Additive contributions of enhanced expectancies, autonomy support, and external attentional focus to motor learning
G Wulf, R Lewthwaite, P Cardozo… - Quarterly Journal of …, 2018 - journals.sagepub.com
In the OPTIMAL theory of motor learning [Wulf, G., & Lewthwaite, R.(2016). Optimizing
performance through intrinsic motivation and attention for learning: The OPTIMAL theory of …
performance through intrinsic motivation and attention for learning: The OPTIMAL theory of …
Practice variability promotes an external focus of attention and enhances motor skill learning
LK Chua, MK Dimapilis, T Iwatsuki… - Human movement …, 2019 - Elsevier
Variability in practice has been shown to enhance motor skill learning. Benefits of practice
variability have been attributed to motor schema formation (variable versus constant …
variability have been attributed to motor schema formation (variable versus constant …
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