It is obvious that tumor cells have developed a number of strategies to escape immune
surveillance including an altered expression of various immune checkpoints, such as the …

The immunosuppressive molecule programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is frequently
upregulated in human cancers. Binding of PD-L1 to its receptor, programmed death-1 (PD …

Context.—Immune checkpoint pathways, including programmed death receptor-
1/programmed death ligand-1 (PD-1/PD-L1) signaling pathway, which are important in …

Over the course of past few years, cancer immunotherapy has been accompanied with
promising results. However, preliminary investigations with respect to immunotherapy …

Cancer cells can evade the attack from host immune systems via hijacking the regulatory
circuits mediated by immune checkpoints. Therefore, reactivating the antitumor immunity by …

Expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is frequently observed in human
cancers. Binding of PD-L1 to its receptor PD-1 on activated T cells inhibits anti-tumor …

Immune checkpoint blockades, such as inhibitors against programmed death 1 (PD-1) and
its ligand (PD-L1), have received extensive attention in the past decade because of their …

Programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) is a checkpoint receptor expressed on the surface
of various immune cells. PD-L1, the natural receptor for PD-1, is mainly expressed in tumor …

Recently, an improved understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing the host
response to tumors has led to the identification of checkpoint signaling pathways involved in …

Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is an immune checkpoint inhibitor that binds to its
receptor PD-1 expressed by T cells and other immune cells to regulate immune responses; …