Large-scale population-based birth cohorts, which recruit women during pregnancy or at
birth and follow up their offspring through infancy and into childhood and adolescence …

Abstract Purpose of Review Human reproduction is a common process and one that unfolds
over a relatively short time, but pregnancy and birth processes are challenging to study …

Background During the past 25 years, many pregnancy and birth cohorts have been
established. Each cohort provides unique opportunities for examining associations of early …

Background Preconception health may have intergenerational influences. We have formed
the PrePARED (Preconception Period Analysis of Risks and Exposures influencing health …

The influence of factors acting during early life on health outcomes of offspring is of
considerable research and public health interest. There are, however, methodological …

The epidemiologic study of pregnancy and birth outcomes may be hindered by several
unique and challenging issues. Pregnancy is a time-limited period in which severe cohort …

Prenatal exposures have meaningful effects on health across the life course. Innovations in
causal inference have shed new light on these effects. Here, we motivate the importance of …

Background Cohort studies may increase or decrease their selection bias as they progress
through time. The Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study has followed 2868 …

Birth cohort studies are the most appropriate type of design to determine the causal
relationship between potential risk factors during the prenatal or postnatal period and the …

For many research questions in perinatal epidemiology, gestational age is a mediator that
features the causal pathway between exposure and outcome. A mediator is an intermediate …