Twenty one-to two-month-old Holstein, Angus, or Holstein-Angus crossbred calves were
given intravenous complete Freund's adjuvant and their lungs were examined at 24 hours to …

Objective—To compare concentrations of interleukin (IL)-4, interferon (IFN)-γ, tumor necrosis
factor (TNF)-α and total nitric oxide (NO) metabolites in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) …

Animal models have been developed to investigate specific components of asthmatic airway
inflammation, hyper‐responsiveness or remodelling. However, all of these aspects are …

Respiratory medicine is an underdeveloped subspecialty in veterinary medicine, and there
are relatively few sophisticated tests that are available to the clinician that actually diagnose …

Mild to moderate equine asthma syndrome (mEAS) affects horses of all ages and breeds. To
date, the etiology and pathophysiology of mEAS are active areas of research, and it remains …

Objective—To determine concentrations of nitric oxide (NO) in plasma and bronchoalveolar
lavage fluid (BALF) and localize nitric oxide synthesis in the lungs of horses with summer …

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is the most economically significant disease for cattle
producers in the US Cattle with advanced lung lesions at harvest have reduced average …

Clinical inflammation was first characterized in the first century AD by the Roman scholar
Celsus as comprising 4 principle features: heat (calor), pain (dolor), redness (rubor), and …

Rhinitis, asthma, acute and chronic bronchitis, bronchiolitis, fibrosing alveolitis and
emphysema are examples of a wide spectrum of inflammatory conditions of the conducting …

When challenged with allergens and pro‐inflammatory agents, such as Aspergillus
fumigatus (AF), hay dust solution (HDS) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the innate immune …