Background For Europe as a whole, data on internal exposure to environmental chemicals
do not yet exist. Characterization of the internal individual chemical environment is expected …

Human biomonitoring (HBM) can be an effective tool to assess human exposure to
environmental pollutants and potential health effects and is increasingly seen as an …

Abstract The European Human Biomonitoring Initiative (HBM4EU 1) has established a
European Union-wide human biomonitoring (HBM) programme to generate knowledge on …

Human biomonitoring has become a pivotal tool for supporting chemicals' policies. It
provides information on real-life human exposures and is increasingly used to prioritize …

Since 2002 a human biomonitoring network has been established in Flanders (Belgium) as
part of a programme on environmental health surveillance. The human biomonitoring …

Human biomonitoring (HBM) is an effective tool to assess human exposure to environmental
pollutants, but comparable HBM data in Europe are lacking. In order to expedite …

In Germany strong efforts have been made within the last years to develop new methods for
human biomonitoring (HBM). The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature …

Human biomonitoring (HBM) is identifed as a tool that can serve the chemicals agenda by
providing authorities with a more comprehensive view of actual exposure of the population …

Human biomonitoring (HBM) is a crucial approach for exposure assessment, as emphasised
in the European Commission's Chemicals Strategy for Sustainability (CSS). HBM can help to …

Background Designing questionnaires is a key point of epidemiological studies assessing
human exposure to chemicals. The lack of validated questionnaires can lead to the use of …