… animals to have the maximum reduction in testing. We assume that no significant animal testing
for … future European chemicals regulation using a tiered assessment strategy (see Fig. 1). …

… and the requirements for animal tests in environmental hazard and risk assessment. It aims
… and risk assessment. Perspectives and limitations of alternative approaches to animal tests …

… These more recent activities reflect a completely changed perception of alternative and in
vitro methods as a tool for toxicological risk assessment. Following the implementation of the …

… predicted in 2-year animal bioassays. Finally, many of the animal tests used have not been
adequately validated for the specific purpose of food toxicity testing. Therefore, the data they …

… animal testing within the different areas of EFSA’s activities. Finally, integrated testing
and risk assessment … are given to implement better animal welfare within EFSA’s activities. …

… Welfare (AW) issues are becoming an increasing concern for food-producing and
laboratory animals. Risk Assessment (RA) is usually used to describe and quantify the risk of …

… of KE 1–3 if used alone are not considered to provide a level of information for risk assessment
comparable to in vivo tests (eg, LLNA assay) since they are considered insufficient to …

… from alternative (non-animal) tests for human health risk assessment. This brief … risk
assessment to support consumer safety decisions, without the need to generate data in animal tests. …

… risk assessment within the REACH process before animal tests are even suggested. The
prospects of high-throughput testing shall be the subject of a future “Food for thought …” article. …

… methods will now be used to support the study and development of testing strategy approaches
… the need for animal test data for informing skin sensitisation risk assessment decisions. …