Objective Water resistance retention (WRR) is the third performance attribute of sunscreens.
Today, the standardized method for testing WRR is performed in vivo. For screening …

While sun protection factor (SPF) and UVA protection are the most important determinants of
a cosmetic sunscreen product, water resistance is the third important feature. The C olipa in …

The aim of the study was to develop a simple reproducible and reliable in vitro water
resistance (WR) method to assess the sun care products. This paper is the result of a …

Background/purpose: Sunscreen products today represent a trend of providing not only
simple sun protection factor (SPF)/protection of UVA (PFA) but also other additional benefits …

Objectives The water resistance of sunscreen products has taken more importance for the
UV protection of consumers involved in water activities and sports. The present work …

Objective An efficient sunscreen product needs to offer broad spectrum photostable UV
protection during consumer use. Water resistance has become an additional criterion …

A new laboratory in vitro method for the measurement of sunscreen water resistance uses
spectrophotometric analysis of a model skin substitute before and after 80-minute …

Substantivity of sunscreen formulations is affected by the wash‐out rate of ultraviolet‐
absorber and‐reflector compounds in water. Water‐resistance of sunscreen formulations is …

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of substrate roughness and of product
spreading method on in vitro sun protection factor (SPF) measurement and to define the …

Objective The resistance of sunscreens to the loss of ultraviolet (UV) protection upon
perspiration is important for their practical efficacy. However, this topic is largely overlooked …