The efficacy of sun protection, mostly realized by the application of sunscreen formulations,
is commonly described by the sun protection factor (SPF). Previous investigations have …

Objective Sunscreens play a major role in the EU sun protection strategy in order to prevent
humans from UV light‐induced skin damage. In recent years, the demand for high‐quality …

Objective The objective of this work was to investigate the utility of a new in vitro SPF test
method in blinded ring‐testing, against new ISO acceptance criteria. Methods Twenty four …

A novel ex vivo technique has been used to assess the sand/rub resistance of topical
sunscreens. The technique is based on transmission spectrometry using excised human …

Standardization of the method to determine sun protection factors (SPF) is fundamental to
uniform labelling of SPF values on sun products. The COLIPA Task Force 'Sun Protection …

All the methods used for the in vitro measurement of the SPF, the universal indicator of
sunscreens efficiency, rely on a spectrophotometric analysis. What can vary about the …

Water resistance of sun protection products has been found to be best determined by the
following methods:(1) Tests for determining UVL filter adherence to merino wool; this gives a …

The effectiveness of a sunscreen product can be reduced by sweating, friction, water
immersion, or any other force that has the potential to remove the product from the surface of …

Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) plates and TransporeTM tapes were compared as
substrates for the in vitro evaluation of photostability of commercial sunscreen products. The …

In the present study, we have described an in vitro spectroscopic method to evaluate the
sunscreen products for UVA sun protection factor. The roughened PMMA plates have been …