The therapeutic efficacy of orally administered drugs is often restricted by their inherent
limited oral bioavailability. Low water solubility, limited permeability through the intestinal …

The application of permeation enhancers (PEs) to improve transport of poorly absorbed
active pharmaceutical ingredients across the intestinal epithelium is a widely tested …

The oral route is the most common and practical means of drug administration, particularly
from a patient's perspective. However, the pharmacokinetic profile of oral drugs depends on …

Although it is acknowledged that the main impediment of orally administered therapeutic
agents is their extensive and changeable pre-systemic metabolism, low absorption and …

With the rapid development of nanotechnology, novel drug delivery systems comprising
orally administered nanoparticles (NPs) have been paid increasing attention in recent years …

Oral drug administration has been a popular choice due to patient compliance and limited
clinical resources. Orally delivered drugs must circumvent the harsh gastrointestinal (GI) …

Biologics increasingly are being used for the treatment of many diseases. These treatments
typically require repeated doses administered by injection. Alternate routes of …

Most of the newly designed drug molecules are characterised by low solubility in aqueous
medium, low permeability through biological membranes and/or an insufficient stability in …

The absorption of drugs from the intestine is mainly dependent on their solubility in the
intestinal fluids and their intestinal membrane permeability. Insufficient absorption of poorly …

The oral route of protein and peptide drugs has been a popular method of drug delivery in
recent years, although it is often a challenge to achieve effective drug release and minimize …