The first effective antidepressants, monoamine oxidase inhibitors and tricyclic
antidepressants, were identified 50 years ago, largely through serendipity. These …

Despite extensive research, the current theories on serotonergic dysfunctions and cortisol
hypersecretion do not provide sufficient explanations for the nature of depression. Rational …

A plethora of research has implicated hundreds of putative biomarkers for depression, but
has not yet fully elucidated their roles in depressive illness or established what is abnormal …

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the leading contributors to the global burden of
disease. Moreover, MDD can be a lethal illness due to an elevated risk of suicide. The extent …

Advances in healthcare have led to an extended life expectancy throughout the developed
world, but cognitive impairment in later life, and Alzheimer's disease (AD) in particular …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive, complex, and multifactorial neurodegenerative
disorder, still without effective and stable therapeutic strategies. Currently, available …

There is growing evidence from neuroimaging and ostmortem studies that severe mood
disorders, which have traditionally been conceptualized as neurochemical disorders, are …

The interaction between depression and stroke is highly complex. Post‐stroke depression
(PSD) is among the most frequent neuropsychiatric consequences of stroke. Depression …

The serotonin hypothesis of depression has played an important role in the history of
psychiatry, yet it has also been criticized for the delayed onset and inadequate efficacy of …

The heterogeneity of symptoms within major depressive disorder poses significant
challenges for treatment and it is likely that current pharmacotherapies do not target all …