Although cigarette smoking is often considered a risk factor for spontaneous abortion, the
epidemiologic literature is actually inconsistent. Therefore, the authors examined maternal …

PIP: This article reviews currently available epidemiologic and experimental data on the
effects of cigarette smoking on reproductive health. Specifically addressed are the evidence …

BACKGROUND: Consumption of caffeine and alcohol is suspected to affect pregnancy
outcome. Use of both stimulants is widespread and even minor effects on fetal viability are of …

Caffeine is a methylated xanthine that acts as a mild central nervous system stimulant. It is
present in many beverages, including coffee, tea, and colas, as well as chocolate. Caffeine …

The objective was to determine the association of moderate to heavy caffeine consumption
during pregnancy on spontaneous abortion and birth weight in humans. Data sources used …

Results of studies on paternal smoking and spontaneous abortions have been inconsistent.
The authors examined the effect of paternal smoking on the risk of pregnancy loss in a …

Caffeine intake has been associated with risk of osteoporosis, breast cancer, endometriosis,
and fibrocystic breast disease and has been hypothesized to exert its effects through …

This review of human studies of caffeine and reproductive health published between
January 2000 and December 2009 serves to update the comprehensive review published …

The objective of this study was to examine the possible relationships between spontaneous
abortion and caffeine, tobacco and alcohol intake in a well-controlled group of hospital …

STUDY OBJECTIVE--Previous work found no effect on birthweight of alcohol and caffeine
consumption in non-smokers but such an effect was found in smokers. This report …