Background: It has been suggested that maternal smoking during pregnancy is a risk factor
for low sperm counts and testicular cancer in the offspring. Cryptorchidism is associated with …

In a prospective study of 3,891 antenatal patients at Yale-New Haven Hospital between
1980 and 1982, 76.7% consumed caffeine from coffee, tea, colas, and drugs. A dose …

The adverse effects of maternal cigarette smoking on pregnancy have been well
documented and include shortening the length of gestation and fetal growth retardation. 1-3 …

A retrospective analysis of the results of the first attempt at in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment
in 447 couples was performed by chart review. In 124 couples the female partners smoked …

The relations of cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking and marijuana use during pregnancy to
birthweight were examined in two prospectively studied pregnancy cohorts (Phases I and II) …

The authors studied the association between female and male alcohol intakes at the time of
conception and the risk of spontaneous abortion, including early pregnancy loss detected by …

An epidemiologic study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between cigarette
smoking and the risk of breast, endometrial, and ovarian cancers. Results indicated a clear …

The relationship of parents' cigarette smoking to outcome of pregnancy—implications as to
the problem of inferring causation from observed associations. Amer J Epidem 1971; 93 …

The authors examined the association between semen quality and caffeine intake among
2,554 young Danish men recruited when they were examined to determine their fitness for …

BACKGROUND Animal studies have shown that in utero exposure to chemicals in tobacco
smoke reduces female fertility, but epidemiological findings have been inconsistent …