Altitude training may improve performance by a number of mechanisms. Acclimatization may
improve both oxygen delivery and extraction. Hypoxic exercise may increase the training …

High-level athletes are always looking at ways to maximize training adaptations for
competition performance, and using altered environmental conditions to achieve this …

Field-based team sport matches are composed of short, high-intensity efforts, interspersed
with intervals of rest or submaximal exercise, repeated over a period of 60–120 minutes …

Training at low to moderate altitudes (~ 1600–2400 m) is a common approach used by
endurance athletes to provide a distinctive environmental stressor to augment training …

Altitude training has become very popular among athletes as a means to further increase
exercise performance at sea level or to acclimatize to competition at altitude. Several …

Winter sports events routinely take place at low to moderate altitudes, and nearly all Winter
Olympic Games have had at least one venue at an altitude> 1000 m. The acute and chronic …

To prepare for extremes of heat, cold or low partial pressures of oxygen (O 2), humans can
undertake a period of acclimation or acclimatization to induce environment-specific …

Many sport competitions, typically involving the completion of single-(eg track-and-field or
track cycling events) and multiple-sprint exercises (eg team and racquet sports, cycling …

The benefits of living and training at altitude (HiHi) for an improved altitude performance of
athletes are clear, but controlled studies for an improved sea-level performance are …

The combination of living at altitude and training near sea level [live high–train low (LHTL)]
may improve performance of endurance athletes. However, to date, no study can rule out a …