The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of substrate roughness and of product
spreading method on in vitro sun protection factor (SPF) measurement and to define the …

Objective Development of an international harmonized in vitro method for sun protection
factor (SPF) assessment is currently in progress because of the lack of both reproducibility …

Abstract Objective Our previous paper (Part I: Principle and mathematical aspects)
presented a new reliable in vitro sun protection factor (SPF) method and demonstrated it to …

Abstract In 2017, Cosmetics Europe performed a double‐blinded ring test of 24 emulsion‐
type sunscreen products, across 3 in vivo test laboratories and 3 in vitro test laboratories …

Objective The SPF (sun protection factor) is the best known reference in the world for
expressing UVB protection. The SPF is used for labelling purposes for consumer guidance …

Objective Strategies to optimize the development of sunscreens include the use of
theoretical sunscreen simulators to predict sun protection factor (SPF) and UVA protection …

An extensive study on the sun protection factors (SPF) of sun care products was carried out
using the COLIPA (The European Cosmetic Toiletry and Perfumery Association) method …

A method for the in vitro determination of low‐and high‐value sun protection factors (SPF) of
sunscreens using artificial substrates and a novel pseudo double beam (PDB) mode of …

Objective The objective of this work was to investigate the utility of a new in vitro SPF test
method in blinded ring‐testing, against new ISO acceptance criteria. Methods Twenty four …

The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the influence of plate roughness on well‐known
absolute or relative UV spectroscopic indices such as the in vitro SPF, in vitro UVA PF …