Context While vascular endothelial growth factor-targeted therapy and mammalian target of
rapamycin inhibition are effective strategies in treating clear cell renal cell carcinoma …

The therapeutic options for advanced or metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) have
drastically evolved over the past 20 years. High-dose interleukin-2 (HD IL-2), which led to …

Context Clinical data supporting the use of targeted agents for the treatment of metastatic
renal cell carcinoma (RCC) are based predominantly on patients with clear cell histology …

Background. With the advent of targeted therapies, many treatment options in the first-line
setting of metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (mccRCC) have emerged. Guidelines …

Abstract In advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma (aRCC), systemic therapy is the mainstay of
treatment, with no or little role for surgery in these patients. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) …

Background Based on improved clinical outcomes in randomized controlled clinical trials
(RCTs) the FDA and EMA have approved bevacizumab with interferon, sunitinib, and …

In 2010, an estimated 58,000 new cases of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) were diagnosed in
the United States and approximately 13,000 individuals died of this disease. 1 Renal cancer …

Abstract Treatment paradigm for metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (mccRCC) has
changed dramatically over the recent decades. From cytokines, interleukin-2 and interferon …

The management of advanced clear‐cell renal cell carcinoma has steadily improved over
the past decade with the introduction of antiangiogenic and targeted therapies. Recently …

Simple Summary In the last 15 years, a deep improvement in the knowledge regarding the
biological mechanisms responsible for neoplastic cell development and progression has led …