… membrane voltage clocks controls the timekeeping mechanism of the heart's pacemaker. …
Interestingly, the development of AV block in cardiac-specific, inducible HCN4 knockout mice …

… We implement an adaptive cardiac pacemaker model and validate our results with … context
of a promising future application. Our pacemaker model consists of three coupled oscillators …

… (B) The distributed pacemaker model is similar except that the FEO is not found in a …
oscillators that have pacemaker function by virtue of their coupling. (C) The independent oscillator …

… For example, would each isolated cell on its own display this sort of BRV behavior, or is it the
result of coupled oscillators within the complex cell … Please describe the competing interests …

… states other pacemaker sites can emerge which compete with … muscular oscillators in the
intestine[49], pacemaker neurons … on its stimulation history. These issues are discussed below. …

… Isolated individual sinoatrial node cardiac pacemaker cells have varying periods [66–69],
but at high density, they exhibit the stereotypical 80 beats per minute [61,70]. Dispersed …

… a brief history and review of various types of batteries used in cardiac pacemakers since …
at currents above 20 mA, which is slightly better than today's competing batteries [18] [19]. Such …

… The history of the bionic cardiac pacemaker will be reviewed … cellular oscillators or auto-arrhythmic
cells, focusing on the cardiac … when the two pacemakers compete with each other in a …

… overview of physiological pacemaker systems, a historical … , is capable of producing competitive
pacing. An illustration of … Both oscillators are inhibited by the ventricular amplifier. Atrial …

… measured cardiac activity by avoiding competition between … treats the history and development
of cardiac pacing systems … The blocking oscillator is closely related to the more common …