… This article will review the adverse effects of opioids, with comparisons … effect of an opioid
is analgesia, and all other effects are adverse effects, realising that opioid adverse effects are …

… , the δ-opioid agonist SNC80 lacks both the analgesic efficacy and adverse effects of μ-opioids…
However, the activity of SNC80 in the inflammatory model suggests δ-opioid agonists may …

… opioid ligands or peripherally restricted opioids may elicit fewer adverse effects, as shown in
… various mechanisms involved in the adverse effects induced by opioids, to provide a better …

… Opioid agonists which act at the wreceptor routinely cause pupil constriction, mediated
via stimulation of the Edinger-Westphal nucleus of the third cranial nerve. The resulting 'pinpoint' …

… Opioid antagonist drugs bind receptors without producing an effect. There are partial
agonists and opioid agonist/antagonist drugs which, as their name suggests, have intermediate …

… and adverse effects of morphine (µ-opioid agonist) and U50488-H (κ-opioid agonist) were
… of models for the assessment of pain (acute, visceral and inflammatory) and adverse effects. …

… common opioid-related adverse effects, their pathophysi- … Most adverse effects can be
anticipated and limited by proper … various opioidrelated adverse effects and their management. …

… Oliceridine provides analgesic benefits of a pure opioid agonist while limiting related
adverse effects mediated through the β-arrestin pathway. Recent insights into the function and …

… Patients may also present to surgeons while taking chronic opioids, including high-dose
opioids and opioid agonist/antagonists. These clinical scenarios are associated with extreme …

… adverse effects, in this review article we discuss the physiology of opioids and clinical aspects
that relate to the adverse effects … In the intestine, opioid agonists block peristaltic reflex by …