The integration of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics using pharmaco dynamic
modeling concepts has been advanced by investigative efforts with anesthetic drugs. By …

Potent opiate analgesics, administered either epidurally, intrathecally, or intravenously, are
a common adjunct to pain control in the perioperative period. Little is known, however, of the …

The plasma concentration‐time profiles of meperidine following intravenous injection in
surgical patients and volunteers were investigated by reference to a classical two …

Fentanyl and alfentanil produce very similar electroencephalographic (EEG) changes in
humans. With increasing serum concentrations of either narcotic, progressive slowing in …

Remifentanil, a short-acting potent μ-opioid agonist proposed for intraoperative analgesia
but also for postoperative pain therapy, has not been investigated with regard to the effects …

Background The purpose of this study was to investigate the in vivo pharmacodynamics and
the pharmacodynamic interactions of remifentanil and its major metabolite, GR90291, in a …

Alfentanil is reported to increase intracranial pressure (ICP) after neurotrauma. A direct
cerebral vasodilator effect has been postulated. We studied 17 Sprague-Dawley rats …

Background Cortical acetylcholine originates in the basal forebrain and is essential for
maintaining normal cognition and arousal. Morphine impairs these cholinergically mediated …

Background The current study investigates the effects of morphine and fentanyl upon
intracranial pressure and cerebral blood flow estimated by cerebral arteriovenous oxygen …

Background. A ketamine–alfentanil combination has been suggested for total iv
anaesthesia. We determined the pharmacokinetics of ketamine and alfentanil, alone and …