Adverse effects of opioids are multiple. They are most often receptor-mediated and
inseparable from their desired effects. The most severe mishaps with opioids are related to …

Common side effects of opioid administration include sedation, dizziness, nausea, vomiting,
constipation, physical dependence, tolerance, and respiratory depression. Physical …

Opioids are widely used as therapeutic agents against moderate to severe acute and
chronic pain. Still, these classes of analgesic drugs have many potential limitations as they …

Pain management in the pediatric population is complex for many reasons. Mild pain is
usually managed quite well with oral acetaminophen or ibuprofen. Situations involving more …

Opioid analgesics are useful agents for treating pain of various etiologies; however, adverse
effects are potential limitations to their use. Strategies to minimize adverse effects of opioids …

Background: Opioids are the cornerstone of the management of cancer pain. However, the
development of adverse effects may compromise the opioid response. They include nausea …

Intolerable side effects contribute to poor outcomes among patients managed with opioids,
and negotiating these side effects remains an important clinical challenge. Evidence-based …

Opioids are the most potent analgesics. Toxicity results either from effects mediated by
variation in affinity and intrinsic efficacy at specific opioid receptors or, rarely, from a direct …

Chronic pain is a debilitating condition that is associated with many common diseases; this
places a major burden on the healthcare system. There are currently numerous analgesic …

The traditional view of opioids held that the individual opioid agonists shared the same
mechanism of action, differing only in their potency and pharmacokinetic properties …