Clinicians are increasingly being challenged by patients who are treated for chronic pain
with high-dose opioids that can cause medical, social, and societal harm. These patients …

Alfentanil, fentanyl and sufentanil are synthetic opioid analgesics acting at specific opioid
receptors. These opioids are widely used as analgesics to supplement general anaesthesia …

Sufentanil, a potent α-1 agonistic opioid, was synthesized in mid-1970s. It was introduced
into clinical practice ten years later, gaining some popularity over the last twenty years. A …

Reclassification of chronic pain as a disease may be helpful because patients with chronic
pain require significant treatment and rehabilitation with a clear diagnosis. This can help …

The analgesic potential of buprenorphine, a high-affinity partial m agonist, has been a
subject of study for several decades. The drug is now widely recognized as being extremely …

Background: The history of discovery of analgesic drugs has followed a trajectory from
original serendipitous discovery of plant-derived substances to laboratory creation of …

The therapeutic entities which have been derived from the constituents of opium, the dried
exudate of the incised capsule of the opium poppy, have probably spawned more scientific …

Control of pain has a central role in patients treatment either in advanced cancer or other
terminal illnesses and in acute postsurgical or chronic non-malignant diseases. Hospitals …

The opioid receptor ligands have their basis in more than 5000 years of medicinal use of
opium(from “opos,” the Greek word for juice), which is obtained by scoring the unripe seed …

Fentanyl, a synthetic opiate with a (clinical) potency of 50 to 100 times that of morphine, was
introduced into clinical practice in the early 1960s. Usually administered by single …