… Exposure to outdoor fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) is a leading risk factor for mortality. We
develop global estimates of annual PM 2.5 concentrations and trends for 1998–2018 using …

… for monthly estimates and uncertainties during the period 1998–… Substantial long-term
variations were not observed over … for January, April, July, and October 2018. Plotted data show …

… previous studies by estimating long-term trends in ambient PM 2·… Global estimates and
long-term trends of fine particulate … in 2018), as well as potential differences in estimates provided …

… satellite-derived PM 2.5 estimates over 1998-2019 and find a … This study provides a globally
complete and long-term … We report the linear slope (concentration trend in μg/m 3 /year), its …

… worldwide estimates of mortality attributed to short-term PM 2·… the global mortality burden
attributable to long-term … state-level mortality rates from China for 2018 and from India for 2019. …

… Particulate matter 2.5 (PM 2.5 ) pollution has long been a … This study focuses on long-term
PM 2.5 trends, population … In this study, we used a long-term (1998–2018) satellite-derived PM …

… 2.5 over North America decreased from 22 ± 6.4 μg m –3 in 1981, to 12 ± 3.2 μg m –3 in
1998, and to 7.9 ± 2.1 μg m –3 in 2016, with an overall trend of −0.33 μg m –3 yr –1 (95% CI: −…

… Several studies have estimated global long-term trends in PM 2·5 concentrations, but few …
μg/m 3 ) for monthly mean PM 2·5 and 0·98 (2·64 μg/m 3 ) for annual mean PM 2·5 . Results of …

… unified estimates of levels and trends. The detailed information on the estimation flowchart
… that the PM2.5 concentration-response relationship for short- or long-term PM2.5 exposures …

… August 1, 2018, on the associations of fine particulate matter … low risk of bias if long-term
trends, seasonality and temperature … While the concentration of OC was mainly associated with …