Viruses are the most abundant and diverse life form on Earth. In Chapter 1 of this dissertation,
a global census of the number of viral particles showed that 6.03 x 1031 viral particles are …

… pyogenes (erythrogenic, scarlatinal exotoxins), and Vibrio cholera (Cholera toxin) [71], which
are all phage encoded. In … Ponds also tend to have a higher terrestrial-aquatic interchange …

… gene transfer and how they affect different nutrient cycles and bacterial diversity and population
in lab-scale and natural ecosystems were … extensively in marine environments and more …

… discovery that viruses are not only extraordi narily abundant within aquatic environments, …
genes, is a hallmark of virulence among patho genic bacteria. Phage‐encoded exotoxins are …

… Prophage-encoded exotoxin genes cause many notable … Phage-encoded sequences
clustered by both phage family … the scarcity of phosphate in the marine environment (38). It is not …

… the genetic elements of IS plus other genes and gene clusters. The additional transposon
genes … When a transposon moves, the gene cluster moves with it. Some transposons encode a …

… Genes encoding bacterial exotoxins are frequently carried in bacteria by bacteriophages (4,
19). Phage-encoded exotoxins such … flow in aquatic ecosystems, p. 412-423. In MJ Klug and …

Metagenomic analyses suggest that the rank–abundance curve for marine phage communities
follows a power law distribution. A new type of power law dependence based on a …

… Phage-encoded exotoxins apparently have evolved for the purpose of bacterial antipredator
defense. These exotoxins … Bacteriophages often bear genes encoding exotoxins (eg, Shiga …

… fraction vary widely in aquatic environments (0.7 to 82%), and … induction mechanisms may
exist in terrestrial ecosystems. … bacteria, such as exotoxins, that are phage encoded (7, 8). …