… reduction of facial fractures can be carried out more readily and effectively if not already
accomplished. At all times the cervical spine must be carefully immobilized. If fracture reduction …

… and we may have no choice but to modify our treatment plan. Profound (Grade IV ATLS 3 )
hypovolaemic shock … Do facial fractures protect the brain or are they a marker for severe head …

… injuries, the risks of any proposed treatments involving the orbit must be carefully considered
(could facial fracture repair exacerbate any ocular injuries?). … hypovolaemia) have the same …

… adequate oxygenation, correction of severe hypovolaemia and appropriate pain relief, and
… Although the association between facial fractures and cervical spine injury would seem …

… injuries are not omitted. This article outlines the management of polytraumatized patients
using the Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) … hypovolaemia including facial bleeding 3. …

… Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) guidelines were first implemented and are viewed by
many as the gold standard of care … ophthalmic complications in facial fractures is reported to …

… Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) system of care 5 is now … facial fractures are indicative
of significant underlying injury, … to be in hypovolaemic shock until proven otherwise”. When …

… The ATLS course teaches that the radial pulse becomes … The advanced trauma life
support course was the pioneering … studies have given rise to the concept of hypovolaemic …

… of life threatening injuries. From the time it was formulated in 1978, Advanced Trauma Life
Support (ATLS)1,2,3 system of care … its protocol is now taught in over 40 countries worldwide. …

… The Advanced Trauma Life Support course (ATLS) has established the value of a standardized
approach to trauma … when there are signs of hypovolaemia. An intra-arterial pressure line …