BACKGROUND: Aging and a past history of low back pain are risk factors for a future low
back pain. Recent findings have demonstrated an impaired feed-forward control of
paraspinal muscles during upper limb loading in low back pain patients as well as
decreased feed-forward mechanism in elderly. The aims of the current study were to assess
the age-related changes in paraspinal reflex latencies, flexion movement as well as flexion
moment of the lumbar spine during sudden upper limb loading and the expectation effects …