Plants are a crucial biological component of the biosphere in the earth. The plant resource has served the humankind in several ways by providing food, feed, medicine, nutraceuticals, shelter, etc. About 3.9 lakh known plant species make the animals and other organisms’ life possible at the earth. Plant bioprospecting is being performed since the existence of human life on the earth. Extensive investigations have been done to explore several phytochemicals, pharmaceuticals, antioxidants, etc. There is a need to develop plant products with prebiotic properties and with high bioavailable mineral micronutrients. A rich cultural knowledge associated with multifarious health beneficial aspects of plants is available in different parts of the world. Many plants of cosmetic and perfumery importance have been shown to be of great economic value. The plants grown for production of spices and condiments have significant societal and medicinal merits. Many lower plants have been demonstrated to exhibit potential in biopesticide development. Furthermore, this is an era of secondary agriculture by the valorization of the abundant residual plant biomass. We firmly believe that this book will be an essential repository in obtaining the holistic knowledge of plants bioprospecting. The compiled information will be useful to academicians and researchers in augmenting their understandings on the aspects mentioned earlier.