Disturbances in mineral and bone metabolism are common in patients with CKD. A large
body of evidence indicates that these derangements are associated with increased mortality
and morbidity. These patients have bone pain, increased incidence of bone fractures and
deformity, myopathy and muscle pain, and ruptures of tendons. Hyperphosphatemia also
appears to be associated with increased mortality, and elevated blood levels of PTH exert
significant adverse effects on the function of almost every organ. Importantly, the long-term …