Device-based neuromodulation of brain circuits is emerging as a promising new approach
in the study and treatment of psychiatric disorders. This work presents recent advances in
the development of tools for identifying neurocircuits as therapeutic targets and in tools for
modulating neurocircuits. We review clinical evidence for the therapeutic efficacy of circuit
modulation with a range of brain stimulation approaches, including subthreshold,
subconvulsive, convulsive, and neurosurgical techniques. We further discuss strategies for …