Cardiac nuclear medicine, cardiac computed tomography (CT), interventional cardiology
procedures, and electrophysiology procedures are increasing in number and account for an
important share of patient radiation exposure in medicine. Complex percutaneous coronary
interventions and cardiac electrophysiology procedures are associated with high radiation
doses. These procedures can result in patient skin doses that are high enough to cause
radiation injury and an increased risk of cancer. Treatment of congenital heart disease in …