Pretreatments to sugarcane bagasse (SCB) such as CaCl₂, alkali, ammonia, steam and milling showed 91%, 46%, 47%, 42% and 56% adsorption of Solvent Red 5B (SR5B); 92%, 57%, 58%, 56% and 68% adsorption of simulated dyes mixture (SDM), and 86%, 45%, 49%, 44% and 56% adsorption of a real textile effluent (RTE), respectively. However, the untreated SCB showed 32%, 38% and 30% adsorption of SR5B, SDM and RTE, respectively. Adsorption of SR5B on CaCl₂ pretreated SCB follows pseudo-second order kinetics. SEM and FTIR analysis reveals the delignification of CaCl₂ pretreated SCB. SR5B, SDM and RTE adsorbed on CaCl₂, alkali, ammonia, steam and milling pretreated SCB were decolorized under solid state fermentation using isolated Providensia staurti strain EbtSPG. Tray bioreactor study showed 86% American Dye Manufacturers Institute (ADMI) removal of RTE in 72h. Biodegradation of adsorbed SR5B was confirmed using FTIR, HPLC and HPTLC.