Advances in the understanding of bone health and osteoporosis management in the last three decades have exceeded that of most other chronic diseases of aging. Clinicians treating osteoporosis have witnessed significant change in the disease management, from being a debilitating chronic illness with few treatment options and small chance of real improvement to a disease amenable to therapy, particularly with the introduction of new management modalities such as biologic therapy, with a consequent improvement in the bone mineral content and reduction in the fracture rates. Osteoporosis can be considered of as an equation. Simply, the equation states that osteoporosis is the net outcome of deducting the ongoing losses related to age and menopause from the peak bone mass achieved by the age of 30. Osteoporosis is a complex disorder, which occurs as the consequence of the interactions between genetic and acquired factors. However, not all patients respond properly or equally to the same therapeutic modality, and some of them even suffer fragility fractures despite taking anti-osteoporotic pharmacotherapies. Furthermore, though no genetic markers for either low peak bone mass or high later losses are yet being measured routinely in clinical settings, genome-wide association studies have pointed to several genes as determinants of the osteoporosis risk. This paved the way for applying pharmacogenetic approaches to osteoporosis research. The rationale for this book is the note that musculoskeletal health knowledge has focussed mainly on basic sciences, results of pharmaceutical drug research outcomes or specific medication-related side effects. Consequently, it has been felt there is a gap that need filling between basic skeletal health science and new developments in the field of bone health both in terms of concepts and management. So, this book has been set aiming at discussing the new horizons in bone health and osteoporosis management. The book starts with an introductory part including six chapters on the fundamentals of bone health, the skeletal structure and nature of osteoporosis, as well as the purposes of bone remodelling. This expands to discuss muscle health, and bone health in men and women as well as transgenders. The next part is on diagnosis, which includes six chapters and represents a clinician’s guide to risk assessment tools, current imaging techniques, the challenges and limitations of osteoporosis diagnosis, best practice recommendations for DXA scans and reports, pitfalls in DXA scanning, and, lastly, best approach to mind the gap in osteopenia diagnosis and management. The next part deals with recent advances in prevention of osteoporosis. This includes four