Oral contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy: How strong a risk factor for venous thromboembolism?
Exogenous hormone therapies, such as combined oral contraceptives (COC) and hormone
replacement therapy (HRT), cause blood hypercoagulability and are a risk factor for venous
thromboembolism (VTE). There is controversy on how strong this “provoking” risk factor is,
and how other risk factors may synergise VTE risk. We aim to review the latest literature on
the risk of initial and recurrent VTE with COC and HRT use to provide guidance for decision-
making about duration of anticoagulation, and guide future research efforts.
replacement therapy (HRT), cause blood hypercoagulability and are a risk factor for venous
thromboembolism (VTE). There is controversy on how strong this “provoking” risk factor is,
and how other risk factors may synergise VTE risk. We aim to review the latest literature on
the risk of initial and recurrent VTE with COC and HRT use to provide guidance for decision-
making about duration of anticoagulation, and guide future research efforts.
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