Numerous epidemiologic time-series studies have shown generally consistent associations
of cardiovascular hospital admissions and mortality with outdoor air pollution, particularly
mass concentrations of particulate matter (PM)≤ 2.5 or≤ 10 μm in diameter (PM2. 5, PM10).
Panel studies with repeated measures have supported the time-series results showing
associations between PM and risk of cardiac ischemia and arrhythmias, increased blood
pressure, decreased heart rate variability, and increased circulating markers of inflammation …