Significant technological advances in protein chemistry, physics and computer sciences in
the last two decades have greatly improved protein separation methodologies, such as
electrophoresis and chromatography, and have established mass spectrometry (MS) as an
indispensable tool for protein study. The goal of this review is to provide a brief overview of
the recent improvements in these methodologies and present examples from their
application in proteome analysis and search for disease biomarkers.