Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, a pleiotropic cytokine that exerts a variety of effects, such as
growth promotion, growth inhibition, angiogenesis, cytotoxicity, inflammation, and
immunomodulation, has been implicated in several inflammatory conditions. It plays a
significant role in many inflammatory diseases of lungs. Given that there is significant
literature supporting the pathobiologic role of TNF-α in asthma, mainly in severe refractory
asthma, and COPD, TNF-α inhibitors (infliximab, golimumab and etanercept) are now …