… In this review, the issues concerning the toxicity of current and new classes of drugs are …
aspects of drug toxicity in retinal pharmacotherapy. The different major classes of drugs, such as …

… evaluation to factors unrelated to the drug or chemical, such as pH, osmolarity or the
preservative in the drug formulation, as well as interspecies variability of retinal drug toxicity [12–15] …

… In the present update on ocular dosage forms, chemical delivery systems such as prodrugs,
… an obstacle to posterior segment applications, since the intraocular drug levels achieved are …

… A major prerequisite of the oral route for ocular applications is high oral bioavailability of the
drug. Following oral absorption, molecules in systemic circulation must also cross the blood–…

… of various drugs, vesicular systems, and chemical delivery … /continuous drug delivery
systems including ocular inserts, … daily dose of the drug in a single application. A packed film …

… Furthermore, due to increased interest, gene therapy applications of topical ocular delivery
… strategies in chemical approaches for ocular delivery are (1) designing ocular drugs that are …

… A summary of ocular application for these systems are reported by Amrite and Kompella [12]…
marketing application. It is important to recognize that a new drug is not just a new chemical …

… Unfortunately, there have been only limited attempts to apply rigorous science to the clinical
ocular … by concurrent disease or other drugs or chemicals. The response to withdrawal of the …

… biodegradability and biocompatible chemical nature have secured them the title of ‘nanosafe’
carriers [Citation3]. This review highlights the main ocular barriers for drug delivery, as well …

… through chemical … applications, the size of complex drug particles should be less than 10
μm to avoid a foreign body sensation after administration [31]. Especially for ocular drug delivery…