… Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are secreted by almost all cells. They contain proteins, lipids, …
the tumor immune microenvironment even before the occurrence and metastasis of cancer. …

… essential roles in remodeling the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). EVs derived from
… Roles of tumor-derived extracellular vesicles in the tumor immune microenvironment. EVs …

… on EVs and on their roles in cancer and as modulators of the immune response/escape, the
… the roles of EVs in tumor immune evasion and immunosuppression in both solid tumors and …

… Through releasing EVs, tumor cells can deliver immune-inhibitory and immune-… tumor
immune microenvironment, thus creating a protumoral or an anti-tumoral soil to influence cancer …

… the main immune checkpoint ligand for PD-1 on T cells in the tumor immune microenvironment
[48… research, and how this axis mediates tumor immune escape. It is known that PD-L1 on …

… to promote tumor generation, development and metastasis. During the process of tumor …
, generating an immunosuppressive microenvironment that leads to tumor immune escape. …

… cancer cells by releasing apoptotic extracellular vesicles (apoEVs) that are enriched with
various components of spliceosomes, while apoEVs alter RNA splicing in recipient cells and …

… to the suppression of antitumor immune responses by carrying … of tumor microenvironment
through immune and non-immune … of PD-L1 positive TEVs in tumor immune evasion and as …

… Several diverse mechanisms have been reported by which EV directly participate in tumour
immune evasion, with some dramatic effects such as the induction of T cell death. Among the …

… The concentrations of these mediators are elevated in the tumor microenvironment and
extracellular vesicles are significantly involved in their biodistribution. Over a decade ago, …