THE export of biogenic carbon from the upper ocean is responsible for maintaining the
vertical gradient of dissolved inorganic carbon and thus indirectly for regulating the level of …

Photosynthesis in the surface ocean produces approximately 100 gigatonnes of organic
carbon per year, of which 5 to 15 per cent is exported to the deep ocean,. The rate at which …

The oceanic carbon cycle has traditionally been viewed as a reversible, one step reduction–
oxidation reaction (CO2⇌ CH2O). Principle pathways were thought to involve eukaryotic …

The recent discovery of photosynthetic picoplankton has changed our understanding of
marine food webs1. Both prokaryotic2, 3 and eukaryotic4, 5 species occur in most of the …

BECAUSE their molecular signatures are often prominent in extracts of sediments, bacteria
are thought to be important contributors to petroleum source beds1. It has been shown …

Rates of oxygen utilization (OUR) at depth in the ocean have been interpreted as showing
that rates of carbon fixation by phytoplankton, as estimated by 14CO2 assimilation in vitro …

Concentrations of dissolved oxygen in the ocean seem to correlate well with climate
instabilities over the past 100,000 years. For example, the concentration of dissolved oxygen …

Zooxanthellae, endosymbiotic algae of reef-building corals, substantially contribute to the
high gross primary production of coral reefs 1, but corals exude up to half of the carbon …

Small unicellular cyanobacteria (Synechococcus and Prochlorococcus) are the most
abundant photosynthetic microorganisms in the world's oceans, yet we know little of the …

THE Greenland Sea is particularly important to the world ocean circulation, and potentially to
carbon dioxide exchange between the ocean and atmosphere, because it is an area of …