ORGANIC matter preserved in marine sediments provides a molecular record of marine
biological processes1, accounts for approximately 20% of all carbon burial2 and plays a key …

DISSOLVED organic carbon (DOC) in sea water represents one of the largest reservoirs of
carbon on the earth1. The main fraction of this DOC is generally believed to be composed of …

The sediments that now comprise the Messel shale1 accumulated 47±2 million years ago in
anaerobic waters at the bottom of a lake2. Subsequent depths of burial have not exceeded …

THE ocean has considerable spatial and temporal heterogeneity in biomass and
productivity owing in part to the effects of ocean circulation and mixing1, 2. Water mass …

DISSOLVED organic carbon (DOC) in the deep sea is, after sedimentary humus, the largest
reservoir of organic carbon in the hydrosphere. It is utilised primarily by heterotrophic …

Rivers contribute significantly to the pollution and eutrophication that have caused drastic
changes to the ecosystem of the Black Sea1–3. Although damming is known to affect …

Progressive oxygenation of the Earth's early biosphere is thought to have resulted in
increased sulphide oxidation during continental weathering, leading to a corresponding …

Over the past ten years, sedimentary geochemists have noted that climate changes
associated with Pleistocene glaciations have had a pronounced effect on the rate of organic …

The disappearance of iron formations from the geological record∼ 1.8 billion years (Gyr)
ago was the consequence of rising oxygen levels in the atmosphere starting 2.45–2.32 Gyr …

The oxidation of the global ocean by cyanobacterial oxygenic photosynthesis, about 2,100
Myr ago, is presumed to have limited anoxygenic bacterial photosynthesis to oceanic …