Toll-like receptors (TLR) 7 and 9 transduce a cellular signal through the MyD88-dependent
pathway and induce the production of inflammatory mediators against microbial nucleotide …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are phylogenetically conserved receptors that recognize pathogen
associated molecular patterns (PAMPS). We previously generated mice lacking TLR2 and …

Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) signal through two main pathways: a myeloid differentiation factor
(MyD) 88‐dependent pathway that acts via nuclear factor κB (NF‐κB) to induce …

Down-regulation of cell surface expression of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 following LPS
stimulation has been suggested to underlie endotoxin tolerance. In this study, we examined …

A family of Toll-like receptor (TLR) mediates the cellular response to bacterial cell wall
components; murine TLR2 and TLR4 recognize mycoplasmal lipopeptides (macrophage …

Genetic evidence indicating that TOLL-like receptor 4 (Tlr4) is the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
receptor in mice was reported. However, biochemical evidence that murine Tlr4 confers LPS …

Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling and phagocytosis are hallmarks of macrophage-mediated
innate immune responses to bacterial infection. However, the relationship between these …

Endotoxin tolerance interferes with TLR4 signalosome assembly, kinase/transcription factor
activation, and increases negative TLR pathway regulators. Endotoxin tolerance reprograms …

Tolerance is a long-recognized property of macrophages that leads to an altered response
to repeated or chronic exposure to endotoxin. The physiological role of tolerance is to limit …

Monocytes/macrophages exposed to LPS show reduced responses to second stimulation
with LPS, which is termed LPS tolerance. In this study, we investigated molecular …