The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) has four principal functions:(1) phagocytosis,(2)
vitamin A transport and storage,(3) control of retinal potassium content, and (4) protection …

Objective To report the detailed clinical findings of patients with retinal toxicity that
developed secondary to the use of hydroxychloroquine sulfate (n= 13), chloroquine …

Abstract DISCUSSES OCULAR COMPLICATIONS OF CHLOROQUINE AND ITS
DERIVATIVES, FOCUSING ON RETINOPATHY. THE 1ST VISIBLE SIGNS AND …

Over a 30-year period, 29 cases of antimalarial retinal toxicity were studied in a tertiary
medical center. Three cases of chloroquine and 26 cases of hydroxychloroquine toxicity …

Introduction For the past few years several synthetic antimalarials, and in particular
chloroquine, have been recognized as the cause of a number of ocular disorders. 1 …

Retinal toxicity as a result of antimalarial therapy has been reported for many years.
Retinopathy may be divided into reversible premaculopathy and irreversible true …

Background Hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil, Covis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Zug, Switzerland)
is one of a number of systemic medications that may cause retinal toxicity. Patients on long …

Hydroxychloroquine sulfate (HCQ, Plaquenil) is an analogue of chloroquine (CQ), an
antimalarial agent, used for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid …

[Retinal toxicity following chloroquine therapy]. - Abstract - Europe PMC Sign in | Create an
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Hydroxychloroquine sulfate (HCQ, Plaquenil) is an analogue of chloroquine (CQ), an
antimalarial agent, used for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid …